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Night monkey
The night monkeys, also known as the owl monkeys or douroucoulis, are the members of the genus ''Aotus'' of New World monkeys (monotypic in family Aotidae). The only nocturnal monkeys, they are native to Panama and much of tropical South America. Night monkeys constitute one of the few monkey species that are affected by the often deadly human malaria protozoan ''Plasmodium falciparum'', making them useful as non-human primate experimental models in malaria research.
==Taxonomy==
Until 1983, all night monkeys were placed into only one (''A. lemurimus'') or two species (''A. lemurinus'' and ''A. azarae''). Chromosome variability showed that there was more than one species in the genus and Hershkovitz (1983) used morphological and karyological evidence to propose nine species, one of which is now recognised as a junior synonym. He split ''Aotus'' into two groups: a northern, gray-necked group (''A. lemurinus'', ''A. hershkovitzi'', ''A. trivirgatus'' and ''A. vociferans'') and a southern, red-necked group (''A. miconax'', ''A. nancymaae'', ''A. nigriceps'' and ''A. azarae'').〔 Arguably, the taxa otherwise considered subspecies of ''A. lemurinus'' – ''brumbacki'', ''griseimembra'' and ''zonalis'' – should be considered separate species,〔 whereas ''A. hershkovitzi'' arguably is a junior synonym of ''A. lemurinus''.〔 A new species from the gray-necked group was recently described as ''A. jorgehernandezi''. As is the case with some other splits in this genus, an essential part of the argument for recognizing this new species was differences in the chromosomes.〔 Chromosome evidence has also been used as an argument for merging "species", as was the case for considering ''infulatus'' a subspecies of ''A. azarae'' rather than a separate species. Fossil species have (correctly or incorrectly) been assigned to this genus, but only extant species are listed below.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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